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The metabolic response to ingested glycine.

Mary C Gannon1, Jennifer A Nuttall, Frank Q Nuttall

  • 1Metabolic Research Laboratory and the Section of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55417, USA. ganno004@tc.umn.edu

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
|November 27, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Glycine, an amino acid, may help manage blood sugar levels. Ingesting glycine with glucose significantly reduced glucose response, suggesting a potential role in glucose metabolism regulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Metabolic effects of dietary protein
  • Amino acid metabolism
  • Glucose homeostasis

Background:

  • Dietary protein impacts metabolism, particularly in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
  • Protein intake minimally affects plasma glucose but stimulates insulin and glucagon.
  • Gelatin, rich in glycine, shows potent effects when ingested with glucose.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if glycine alone stimulates insulin secretion.
  • To determine if glycine reduces the glucose response when consumed with glucose.

Main Methods:

  • Nine healthy subjects participated in a randomized controlled trial.
  • Participants ingested glycine, glucose, glycine with glucose, or water.
  • Plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon, and glycine levels were monitored over 2 hours.

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Main Results:

  • Glycine ingestion elevated plasma glycine and glucagon levels, with a slight insulin increase.
  • Co-ingestion of glycine with glucose attenuated the plasma glucose response by over 50%.
  • Insulin response dynamics differed slightly when glycine was added to glucose, but overall response was similar.

Conclusions:

  • Oral glycine may stimulate a gut hormone secretion.
  • This putative gut hormone appears to enhance insulin's action on glucose uptake.
  • Glycine shows potential as a dietary component for glucose metabolism management.