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Pneumocystis.

James R Stringer1

  • 1Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45220-0524, USA. stringjr@ucmail.uc.edu

International Journal of Medical Microbiology : IJMM
|November 28, 2002
PubMed
Summary
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Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) affects mammals with weakened immunity. Genetic analysis reveals distinct Pneumocystis species specific to each host, with human Pneumocystis jiroveci showing varied strains and potential for new infections over reactivation.

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Pneumocystis organisms cause pneumonia in immunocompromised mammals.
  • Distinct Pneumocystis species are identifiable through DNA sequencing, showing high host specificity.
  • The human pathogen is Pneumocystis jiroveci, with other mammals hosting unique species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genetic diversity and transmission dynamics of Pneumocystis species, particularly Pneumocystis jiroveci.
  • To explore the host specificity and parasitic nature of Pneumocystis.
  • To understand the sources and modes of Pneumocystis infection.

Main Methods:

  • DNA sequence analysis to differentiate Pneumocystis organisms.
  • Strain analysis of Pneumocystis jiroveci samples from human infections.

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  • Detection of Pneumocystis DNA in environmental samples.

    • Main Results:

    • Genetic variation is common in P. jiroveci, indicating numerous strains.
    • Adults can be infected by multiple strains, suggesting new infections may cause pneumonia.
    • Pneumocystis species exhibit strong host specificity, with evidence of surface antigen variation in some species.

    Conclusions:

    • Pneumocystis species are likely obligate parasites with high host specificity.
    • Pneumonia may result from recent infection rather than reactivation of latent organisms.
    • The transmission source remains unclear, though airborne DNA and limited person-to-person transmission are observed.