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Related Concept Videos

Veins of Head and Neck01:19

Veins of Head and Neck

The blood drainage from the head and neck is primarily managed by three pairs of veins: the external jugular, internal jugular, and vertebral veins. The external jugular veins drain superficial scalp and face structures, passing over the sternocleidomastoid muscles to empty into the subclavian veins.
On the other hand, the vertebral veins, unlike their arterial counterparts, are not primarily responsible for brain drainage. Instead, they drain the cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, and some small...
Veins of Upper Limbs01:17

Veins of Upper Limbs

The human circulatory system, a marvel of biological engineering, is a complex network of vessels that transport blood throughout the body. Among these, the veins responsible for carrying blood from the upper limbs are divided into two categories: deep and superficial.
The deep venous system is primarily composed of the ulnar and radial veins. The ulnar vein, which drains the fingers through the superficial palmar venous arches, and the radial vein, which serves the palms via the deep palmar...
Veins of Lower Limbs01:15

Veins of Lower Limbs

The human body consists of an intricate network of veins responsible for the crucial task of blood drainage from the lower limbs. These veins can be categorized into two main types: deep veins and superficial veins.
Formed by the union of the medial and lateral plantar veins, the posterior tibial vein, rising through the calf muscle, assimilates the fibular vein. The anterior tibial vein, a superior extension of the foot's dorsalis pedis vein, merges with the posterior tibial vein at the knee,...
Development of Blood Vessels01:07

Development of Blood Vessels

The development of the vascular system in a fetus is a complex and intricate process that begins as early as 15 to 16 days post-conception. This process starts outside the embryo, specifically in the mesoderm of the yolk sac, chorion, and connecting stalk. Approximately two days later, the formation of blood vessels occurs within the embryo itself.
The initial formation of this system is facilitated by the small amount of yolk present in the ovum and yolk sac. Blood vessels originate from...
Anatomy of Blood Vessels01:20

Anatomy of Blood Vessels

The vascular system, an integral part of the circulatory system, comprises various blood vessels that play crucial roles in maintaining the body's homeostasis. These blood vessels form a complex and efficient circulatory network. The three primary categories of blood vessels are the arteries, veins, and capillaries.
Arteries
Arteries circulate oxygenated blood from the heart, except the pulmonary artery, which transports deoxygenated blood to the lungs. Large arteries, such as the aorta, have...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 26, 2026

Using High Resolution Computed Tomography to Visualize the Three Dimensional Structure and Function of Plant Vasculature
11:49

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Published on: April 5, 2013

Vascular tree object segmentation by deskeletonization of valley courses.

Zikuan Chen1, Sabee Molloi

  • 1Department of Radiological Sciences I, University of California, Medical Sciences 1, B-140, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.

Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics : the Official Journal of the Computerized Medical Imaging Society
|November 28, 2002
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel valley-course image segmentation method for delineating tree-like structures, outperforming traditional centerline approaches. The technique accurately extracts object boundaries from medical images like coronary angiograms.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Computer Vision
  • Image Processing

Background:

  • Traditional centerline-based methods for tree-like object delineation can be imprecise.
  • Accurate segmentation of tree-like structures is crucial in medical imaging, particularly for analyzing vessels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and validate a new valley-course-based image segmentation technique.
  • To offer an alternative to existing centerline-based methods for tree-like object delineation.

Main Methods:

  • Valley-course extraction using star-pattern scanning to identify valley points.
  • Skeleton pruning and deskeletonization to construct a structured tree and extract the object boundary.
  • A derivative-free edge identification approach using a logarithmic function for adaptability and noise stability.

Main Results:

  • The valley-course method successfully delineates tree-like objects.
  • The proposed edge identification approach demonstrates adaptability and stability.
  • The technique was validated using coronary angiographic images.

Conclusions:

  • The valley-course-based image segmentation technique provides an effective alternative for tree-like object delineation.
  • The method shows promise for applications in medical image analysis, such as coronary angiography.