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Cell-mediated immune response to mumps virus infection in man
Abstract:
The antibody and cell-mediated immune response to mumps virus infection was studied in groups of subjects after natrually acquired mumps virus infection, after parenteral immunization with live attenuated mumps vaccine, and in a population of mumps seronegative subjects. The technique of neutralization of tissue culture infectivity was utilized to study mumps specific antibody. The cell-mediated immunity (CMI) was detected by specific immune release (SIR) of radioactivity by purified lymphocytes after they were reacted with radioactive chromium (51Cr) labeled human conjunctival cell cultures chronically infected with mumps virus. No SIR activity was observed in lymphocytes obtained from cord blood and young individuals seronegative for antibody to mumps virus. Detectable SIR activity was observed in a few older seronegative subjects; however, immunization with mumps vaccine in such antibody negative subjects failed to result in the development of any antibody response in the serum. High SIR activity was observed in the lymphocytes of naturally infected and vaccinated subjects. Although all naturally infected or immunized subjects had varying levels of mumps specific antibody activity in the serum, no correlation existed between the levels of antibody and SIR activity. These observations suggest the development of mumps specific in vitro correlates of CMI after naturally acquired or vaccine-induced mumps virus infection.
Insights
This study investigated immune responses to mumps virus, finding that cell-mediated immunity (CMI) develops after natural infection or vaccination. Antibody levels did not correlate with CMI, suggesting distinct immune pathways are activated.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Virology
- Vaccinology
Background:
- Mumps virus infection elicits both antibody and cell-mediated immune responses.
- Understanding these responses is crucial for evaluating vaccine efficacy and natural immunity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize the antibody and cell-mediated immunity (CMI) following natural mumps virus infection and vaccination.
- To investigate the development of CMI in seronegative individuals after vaccination.
Main Methods:
- Studied immune responses in naturally infected, vaccinated, and seronegative subjects.
- Assessed mumps-specific antibody using neutralization of tissue culture infectivity.
- Detected CMI via specific immune release (SIR) of 51Cr from labeled infected cells by lymphocytes.
Main Results:
- High SIR activity was observed in lymphocytes from naturally infected and vaccinated individuals.
- No significant SIR activity was found in cord blood or young seronegative subjects.
- Mumps vaccination did not induce antibody response in some older seronegative subjects with detectable SIR activity.
- No correlation was found between serum antibody levels and SIR activity.
Conclusions:
- Naturally acquired and vaccine-induced mumps virus infection lead to the development of mumps-specific in vitro correlates of CMI.
- CMI appears to be a key component of the immune response to mumps, independent of serum antibody levels.