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Inflammation and surfactant.

Keith C Meyer1, Jerry J Zimmerman

  • 1Department of Medicine, K4/930 Clinical Sciences Center, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792-9988, USA. kcm@medicine.wisc.edu

Paediatric Respiratory Reviews
|November 30, 2002
PubMed
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Pulmonary surfactant, vital for breathing and lung defense, is altered in inflammatory lung diseases. While beneficial for infant respiratory distress syndrome, its use in other inflammatory lung conditions is not yet established.

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary medicine
  • Biochemistry
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Pulmonary surfactant, composed of phospholipids and proteins, is essential for respiration and lung defense.
  • Surfactant proteins act as collectins, optimizing biophysical function and aiding host defense.
  • Altered surfactant composition and function are observed in various inflammatory lung disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of pulmonary surfactant in respiratory health and disease.
  • To examine alterations in surfactant composition and function in inflammatory lung disorders.
  • To evaluate the therapeutic potential of exogenous surfactant in these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on pulmonary surfactant.
  • Analysis of surfactant composition and function in asthma, infant respiratory distress syndrome/bronchopulmonary dysplasia, cystic fibrosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and interstitial lung disease.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Evaluation of current therapeutic applications of surfactant replacement therapy.

    • Main Results:

    • Pulmonary surfactant is critical for reducing surface tension and facilitating breathing.
    • Inflammatory lung diseases significantly alter surfactant composition and function.
    • Surfactant replacement therapy is effective for infant respiratory distress syndrome.

    Conclusions:

    • The pulmonary surfactant system is crucial for lung function and defense.
    • Dysfunctional surfactant is a hallmark of several inflammatory lung diseases.
    • Exogenous surfactant is not currently a proven treatment for most adult inflammatory lung disorders, despite its efficacy in infant respiratory distress syndrome.