Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Measuring Global Cellular Matrix Metalloproteinase and Metabolic Activity in 3D Hydrogels
07:39

Measuring Global Cellular Matrix Metalloproteinase and Metabolic Activity in 3D Hydrogels

Published on: January 22, 2019

7.9K

Modulation of monocytes matrix metalloproteinase-2, MT1-MMP and TIMP-2 by interferon-gamma and -beta: implications to

Yanina Galboiz1, Sarah Shapiro, Nitza Lahat

  • 1Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neurology, Carmel Medical Center, 7 Michal Street, Haifa, Israel.

Journal of Neuroimmunology
|November 30, 2002
PubMed

Insights

Interferons (IFNs) modulate matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) in monocytes. This suggests interferon-beta

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Molecular biology
  • Cell biology

Background:

  • Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis.
  • Interferon-beta (IFN-beta) treatment in vivo suppresses MMPs.
  • Monocytes play a role in the inflammatory processes of MS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the in vitro effects of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interferon-beta (IFN-beta) on MMP-2, MT1-MMP, and TIMP-2 expression in monocytes.
  • To understand the role of IFNs in regulating the proteolytic balance in monocytes relevant to MS.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro study using human monocytes.
  • Evaluation of mRNA and protein expression levels.
  • Analysis of MMP-2, MT1-MMP (MMP activator), and TIMP-2 (MMP inhibitor) expression.
  • Treatment with IFN-gamma and IFN-beta.

Main Results:

  • Both IFN-gamma and IFN-beta significantly modulated the expression of MMP-2, MT1-MMP, and TIMP-2 in monocytes.
  • IFNs induced changes in both mRNA and protein levels of these key molecules.
  • A shift in the expression pattern towards an anti-proteolytic profile was observed.

Conclusions:

  • Interferons play a crucial role in regulating the expression of MMPs and TIMPs in monocytes.
  • The therapeutic effects of IFN-beta in MS may be partly attributed to its ability to induce an anti-proteolytic shift.
  • These findings highlight the potential of targeting MMP/TIMP pathways in MS treatment.

More Related Videos

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool11:35

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

Published on: June 30, 2014

58.8K
Detection of Functional Matrix Metalloproteinases by Zymography09:30

Detection of Functional Matrix Metalloproteinases by Zymography

Published on: November 8, 2010

85.0K

Related Concept Videos

meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H01:13

meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H

All meta-directing substituents are deactivating groups. These substituents withdraw electrons from the aromatic ring, making the ring less reactive toward electrophilic substitution. For example, the nitration of nitrobenzene is 100,000 times slower than that of benzene because of the deactivating effect of the nitro group. The first step in an electrophilic aromatic substitution is the addition of an electrophile to form a resonance-stabilized carbocation. The energy diagrams for...
6.7K
2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
5.5K
SN2 Reaction: Kinetics02:14

SN2 Reaction: Kinetics

Kinetic Studies and Significance
In a chemical reaction, a relationship exists between the concentration of reactants and the rate at which the reaction proceeds. The study to measure this relationship is known as the kinetics of a chemical reaction. Kinetic studies are used to deduce the rate law of a chemical reaction, which provides information about the species involved during the transition state of the rate-determining step. Thus, kinetic studies help to derive the mechanism of a...
10.3K
SN2 Reaction: Mechanism02:27

SN2 Reaction: Mechanism

The kinetic studies of SN2 reactions suggest an essential feature of its mechanism: it is a single-step process without intermediates. Here, both the nucleophile and the substrate participate in the rate-determining step.
The presence of the more electronegative halogen in the substrate creates a polarized carbon-halide bond. The halide pulls the electron cloud generating an electrophilic center at the carbon atom. Thus, the carbon atom carries a partial positive charge while the halide has a...
17.5K
SN2 Reaction: Transition State02:26

SN2 Reaction: Transition State

An SN2 reaction of an alkyl halide is a single-step process in which bond formation between the nucleophile and the substrate and bond breaking between the substrate and the halide occurs simultaneously through a transition state without forming an intermediate.
When the nucleophile approaches the electrophilic carbon with its lone pairs, the halide acts as a leaving group and moves away with the electron-pair bonded to the carbon. Dotted partial bonds represent the bonds being formed or broken...
12.0K
SN2 Reaction: Stereochemistry02:23

SN2 Reaction: Stereochemistry

In an SN2 reaction, the nucleophilic attack on the substrate and departure of the leaving group occurs simultaneously through a transition state. As the nucleophile approaches the substrate from the back-side, the configuration of the substrate carbon changes from tetrahedral to trigonal bipyramidal and then back to tetrahedral, leading to an inversion in the configuration of the product.
If the substrate is an achiral molecule at the α-carbon, the inversion of configuration is not...
11.8K