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Patulin inhibition of mycovirus replication in Penicillium stoloniferum
Abstract:
Penicillium stoloniferum NRRL5267 contains two electrophoretically distinct viruses (PsV-F and PsV-S). An in vivo system was developed to test whether a number of fungal metabolites had antiviral properties on PsV-F replication in O.erties on PsV-F replication in P. stoloniferum. Preliminary results indicated that the mycotoxin patulin can block mycovirus replication. Portions of 48 h mycelium were incubated in the presence of varying levels of patulin, and after an additional 48 h incubation, PsV-F content was measured in E260 units by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Patulin at 11, 16 and 20 mug/mg dry wt mycelia blocked PsV-F replication 26, 61 and 71%, respectively, compared with untreated controls. At these levels, host biomass RNA and protein synthesis were minimally affected. No-proliferating fungal mycelium is capable of continued support of PsV-F replication, which is sensitive to patulin. Apparently, inhibitory doses of patulin stimulated PsV-S replication during this 48 h incubation. The preferential action of patulin may arise from metabolite binding to functional enzymes required for virus replication.
Insights
The mycotoxin patulin effectively inhibits the replication of Penicillium stoloniferum virus F (PsV-F) in fungal mycelium. Interestingly, patulin appears to stimulate the replication of another virus, PsV-S, at inhibitory concentrations.
Area of Science:
- Mycology
- Virology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Penicillium stoloniferum NRRL5267 harbors two distinct mycoviruses: PsV-F and PsV-S.
- Understanding mycovirus replication mechanisms and potential regulatory factors is crucial in fungal biology.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the antiviral properties of fungal metabolites against mycovirus replication in vivo.
- To determine the effect of the mycotoxin patulin on the replication of Penicillium stoloniferum virus F (PsV-F).
Main Methods:
- An in vivo system using P. stoloniferum mycelium was established to assess antiviral activity.
- Mycelial cultures were incubated with varying concentrations of patulin.
- PsV-F replication levels were quantified using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (E260 units).
Main Results:
- Patulin significantly inhibited PsV-F replication in a dose-dependent manner (26% at 11 µg/mg, 61% at 16 µg/mg, and 71% at 20 µg/mg dry weight mycelia).
- Host biomass RNA and protein synthesis were minimally affected at these patulin concentrations.
- Inhibitory patulin doses appeared to stimulate PsV-S replication.
Conclusions:
- Patulin exhibits potent antiviral activity against PsV-F replication in non-proliferating fungal mycelium.
- The selective action of patulin suggests a potential mechanism involving binding to essential viral replication enzymes.
- Patulin's differential effect on PsV-F and PsV-S warrants further investigation into virus-specific interactions.