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Complement receptors in HIV infection.

Susi Doepper1, Laco Kacani, Barbara Falkensammer

  • 1Institute of Hygiene & Social Medicine and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for AIDS Research, University Innsbruck, Austria.

Current Molecular Medicine
|December 5, 2002
PubMed
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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) evades complement-mediated lysis through viral envelope proteins and host molecules. This review explores how HIV uses complement regulatory proteins and complement receptors to promote infection and transmission.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activates the complement pathway, but typically avoids lysis.
  • HIV-specific antibodies enhance complement activation and deposition on virions post-seroconversion.
  • Despite antibody presence, HIV exhibits poor susceptibility to complement-mediated lysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms by which HIV evades complement-mediated destruction.
  • To focus on the interactions between opsonized HIV virions and complement receptor-expressing cells.
  • To elucidate how these interactions contribute to viral spread and transmission.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on HIV-complement interactions.
  • Analysis of viral envelope proteins and host-derived molecules on HIV virions.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Examination of complement regulatory protein (CRP) functions on HIV.
  • Investigation of complement receptor (CR) mediated cellular interactions.

    • Main Results:

    • HIV utilizes its envelope proteins and membrane-anchored host molecules, including CRPs, to inhibit complement activation.
    • Serum proteins with complement regulatory activities can attach to HIV, further protecting it from complement-mediated damage.
    • Opsonized HIV virions accumulate and interact with CR-expressing cells.
    • These interactions facilitate efficient infection of CR-positive cells and viral particle retention, promoting transmission.

    Conclusions:

    • HIV has evolved sophisticated mechanisms to evade complement-mediated lysis, ensuring its survival and propagation.
    • Complement receptor-mediated interactions play a crucial role in HIV pathogenesis, leading to increased infectivity and transmission.
    • Targeting these complement evasion and interaction pathways may offer novel therapeutic strategies against HIV.