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[Risk factors for early bronchiolitis at asthma during childhood: case-control study of asthmatics aged 4 to 12
D Ploin1, P Foucaud, J P Lemaire
1Unité de méthodologie en recherche clinique, département d'information médicale, Hospices civils de Lyon, 162, avenue Lacassagne, 69003 Lyon, France. dominique.ploin@chu-lyon.fr
Insights
Bronchiolitis in the first year of life is linked to childhood asthma. However, very early bronchiolitis in the first trimester does not appear to be a significant risk factor for later asthma development.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Epidemiology
- Respiratory Medicine
Context:
- Acute bronchiolitis is a common respiratory infection in infants.
- Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory disease in childhood.
- Early life respiratory infections are suspected contributors to asthma development.
Purpose:
- To investigate the association between acute bronchiolitis in early infancy and the subsequent development of asthma in later childhood.
- To determine if the timing of bronchiolitis (first year vs. first trimester) influences the risk of childhood asthma.
Summary:
- A case-control study involving 80 children with asthma and 160 controls found a significantly higher history of bronchiolitis during the first year of life among asthmatic children (54%) compared to controls (17%).
- Multivariate analysis confirmed that bronchiolitis in the first year of life was a significant predictor of childhood asthma (Odds Ratio = 5.6).
- However, the study did not find a significant association between very early bronchiolitis (first trimester) and the later development of asthma.
Impact:
- This research highlights the importance of first-year bronchiolitis as a potential risk factor for childhood asthma.
- Findings suggest that the timing of bronchiolitis may be crucial in its relationship with asthma development.
- The study provides valuable insights for pediatricians in identifying children at higher risk for asthma.
Unlabelled:
The group of general paediatrics of the French Paediatrics Society conducted a case-control study in order to verify the link between the occurrence of an acute bronchiolitis early during the first year of life, more specifically during the first trimester, and asthma during later childhood.
Methods:
Parents of 4-to-12-year-old children answered a questionnaire during a general paediatrics visit. Exposition was attested by a diagnosis of bronchiolitis mentioned on the personal health record of the child. Environmental factors and medical history, obtained from the parents and by checking the health record of the child, were studied using multivariate analysis.
Results:
Nineteen paediatricians included 80 children with asthma and 160 controls. Fifty-four per cent of asthmatic children had a medical history of bronchiolitis during the first year of life versus 17% of control children (P < 0.001). Mean age of bronchiolitis occurrence was 6.6 months in both groups (P = 0.98). Multivariate analysis showed that occurrence of bronchiolitis during the first year of life was significantly more frequent in asthmatic children (P < 0.001, OR = 5.6, IC95 = [2.6-11.6]) but this effect was not observed during the first trimester of life.
Conclusion:
Bronchiolitis during the first year of life was significantly related to later asthma in 4-to-12-year-old children treated by general paediatricians. On the other hand, a very early bronchiolitis during the first trimester of life did not appear, in our set of data, as a contributive factor to explain asthma in later childhood.