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Updated: Aug 8, 2026

Creation of Patient-Specific Silicone Cardiac Models with Applications in Pre-surgical Plans and Hands-on Training
Published on: February 10, 2022
An online heart simulator for augmenting first-year medical and dental education
Ryan Kelsey1, Maria Botello, Bill Millard
1Center for New Media Teaching & Learning, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Abstract:
In this study, we present the results of the development and implementation of an online simulator of human cardiac function. The program comprises a set of modular applets in the Java programming language that allow first-year medical and dental students at Columbia University to study the pressure-volume relationship in the left ventricle of the heart. The results of the student and faculty surveys administered suggest that student learning was augmented by the simulator and that students enjoyed the experience of studying with it.
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