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Updated: May 24, 2026

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Glutamate and Hypoxia as a Stress Model for the Isolated Perfused Vertebrate Retina
Published on: March 22, 2015
Visual adaptation: effects of externally applied retinal on the light-adapted, isolated skate retina
Abstract:
Incubation with externally applied 11-cis retinal induces a marked increase of visual sensitivity within partially bleached skate photoreceptors. This activity of 11-cis retinal is duplicated by 9-cis retinal, but not by all-trans retinal. The sensitization of photoreceptors promoted by 11-cis and 9-cis retinal is accompanied by the formation of rhodopsin and isorhodopsin, respectively.

