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Calcinosis--calcinogenic plants.

J R B Mello1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, R. Sarmento Leite, 500/202, RS CEP 90046-900, Porto Alegre, Brazil.

Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology
|December 7, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Calcinogenic plants cause animal disease by releasing excess vitamin D, leading to mineral imbalances and tissue calcification. Understanding this mechanism aids in developing treatments and controls for affected livestock.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary toxicology
  • Animal pathology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Calcinogenic plants are highly toxic to various animal species worldwide.
  • Previous research has identified pathological and biochemical effects in affected animals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define the chemical nature of toxic agents in calcinogenic plants.
  • To elucidate the precise mechanism by which these plants induce calcinosis.
  • To discuss effective treatments and control strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Determination of pathological and biochemical effects in multiple animal species.
  • Chemical analysis to identify toxic principles.
  • Investigation of hydrolysis and metabolic pathways of steroidal glycosides.

Main Results:

  • The toxic agent is often a steroidal glycoside, hydrolyzed to 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) (active vitamin D metabolite).
  • Excess vitamin D enhances calcium and phosphate absorption, causing hypercalcemia/hyperphosphatemia.
  • Unaccommodated mineral deposition in soft tissues leads to calcinosis.

Conclusions:

  • Calcinogenic plant toxicity results from vitamin D-like activity, causing mineral imbalances and tissue calcification.
  • Understanding the mechanism has improved comprehension of vitamin D metabolism.
  • Further research is needed to exploit potential uses and refine control measures.

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