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Brain metabolic changes during cigarette craving.

Arthur L Brody1, Mark A Mandelkern, Edythe D London

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, 300 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 2200, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. abrody@ucla.edu

Archives of General Psychiatry
|December 10, 2002
PubMed
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Heavy smokers show increased brain metabolism in specific regions when exposed to cigarette cues, similar to other addictions. Craving intensity correlates with activity in brain areas linked to reward and sensory processing.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Addiction Research
  • Brain Imaging

Background:

  • Functional brain imaging reveals cue-induced activation in dependent individuals for cocaine, opiates, and alcohol.
  • Substance craving correlates with activity in specific brain regions like the orbitofrontal cortex.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in cerebral glucose metabolism in heavy smokers upon exposure to cigarette cues.
  • To examine the correlation between craving intensity and regional metabolism in smokers.

Main Methods:

  • Positron emission tomography (PET) scans using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose were performed on 20 heavy smokers and 20 controls.
  • Participants underwent two scans: one with cigarette cues and handling a cigarette, the other with neutral stimuli.

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Main Results:

  • Heavy smokers exhibited increased glucose metabolism in the perigenual anterior cingulate gyrus compared to controls when exposed to cigarette cues.
  • Craving intensity positively correlated with metabolism in the orbitofrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and anterior insula.
  • An unexpected positive association was observed between craving and metabolism in the right sensorimotor cortex.

Conclusions:

  • Exposure to cigarette cues activates brain regions involved in arousal, compulsive behaviors, sensory integration, and memory in smokers.
  • Observed brain activations and craving correlations in smokers resemble findings from studies on other addictive substances.