The treatment of infertility and its historical context

The objective of this review is to analyse and integrate into a semi-historical background the alternative treatments available for the alleviation of infertility. Data are presented on their causes and success, using compilations of data reported in the literature along with personal experience. Results are expressed as the outcome of endocrinological and surgical treatments for female and male infertility. Clinical pregnancy and delivery rates are reported as the measurements of effectiveness of in-vitro fertilization and related techniques. Detailed analysis of the most important considerations with respect to a number of infertility treatment options are provided, and show how the treatment of choice will always depend on the specific context and needs of each patient. New technologies are described briefly, and an ethical comment completes the review.