Effects of melatonin administration to rats with glycerol-induced acute renal failure

Melatonin, the pineal hormone with antioxidative properties was administered to rats with glycerol-induced myoglobinuric acute renal failure (Gly-ARF). This model is characterized by acute tubular necrosis mediated by heme-iron oxidative stress. Rats received melatonin (20 mg/kg) concomitant and 3 h after glycerol injection. Gly-ARF rats showed at 24 h a 78% reduction in glomerular filtration rate, whereas this decrement was significantly reduced to 35% in the melatonin treated Gly-ARF rats. Tubular function evaluated by tubular reabsorption of sodium and lithium was also preserved in melatonin treated rats. The histologic analysis revealed extensive cortical tubular necrosis that was significantly reduced by melatonin treatment. The renal concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) was increased 6 h after glycerol injection in Gly-ARF and this elevation was prevented when melatonin was administered. Renal concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) was decreased at 6 h in Gly-ARF and melatonin did not reverse this decrease. It was concluded that melatonin administration attenuated the renal injury in the glycerol model of acute renal failure and reduced kidney oxidative stress through a GSH-independent mechanism.