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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
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Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

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Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

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Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction01:26

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction

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Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses two major chronic disorders—ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease—each characterized by relapsing episodes of gastrointestinal inflammation. Although they share certain clinical features, their patterns of involvement and manifestations differ in ways that aid diagnosis and guide management.Ulcerative ColitisUlcerative colitis is limited to the colon and rectum and involves continuous inflammation of the mucosal layer. The...
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Investigating Intestinal Inflammation in DSS-induced Model of IBD
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Stones from bowel disease.

Elaine M Worcester1

  • 1Lake Park Dialysis Unit, Division of Nephrology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Chicago, 1531 East Hyde Park Boulevard, Chicago, IL 60615, USA. eworcest@medicine.bsd.uchicago.edu

Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America
|December 12, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Bowel disease and GI surgery increase kidney stone risk, particularly calcium oxalate and uric acid stones. Management involves increasing urine volume and alkalinizing urine to prevent stone formation.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Urology

Background:

  • Bowel disease and gastrointestinal surgery are associated with an increased incidence of kidney stones.
  • These stones are predominantly calcium oxalate (CaOx) and uric acid stones.
  • Patients often experience chronic volume depletion and altered urinary solute excretion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the mechanisms behind increased kidney stone formation in patients with bowel disease and GI resections.
  • To identify risk factors and preventive strategies for different stone types in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentations and metabolic profiles of patients with bowel disease and kidney stones.
  • Analysis of the impact of gastrointestinal surgery, particularly colon and small bowel resections, on urinary composition.

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  • Evaluation of factors contributing to hyperoxaluria, hypocitraturia, and hypomagnesuria.

    • Main Results:

    • Colon resection with ileostomy leads to acidic urine and increased uric acid stone formation.
    • Small bowel resection can cause steatorrhea and hyperoxaluria due to increased oxalate absorption.
    • Low urine volume, hypocitraturia, and hypomagnesuria are common, promoting CaOx crystallization.

    Conclusions:

    • Alkalinizing agents and increased fluid intake are crucial for preventing uric acid stones after colon resection.
    • Dietary modifications (low-fat, low-oxalate) and calcium supplementation may help manage hyperoxaluria in small bowel resection patients.
    • Addressing hypocitraturia and hypomagnesuria is important for comprehensive stone prevention in these patients.