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Sex-linked Disorders01:43

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How common is intersex? a response to Anne Fausto-Sterling.

Leonard Sax1

  • 1The Montgomery Center for Research in Child and Adolescent Development, P. O. Box 108, 19710 Fisher Avenue, Suite J, Poolesville, MD 20837, USA. leonardsax@prodigy.net

Journal of Sex Research
|December 12, 2002
PubMed
Summary

The estimated prevalence of intersex conditions is significantly lower than previously suggested. A precise definition reveals true intersex prevalence to be approximately 0.018%, not 1.7%.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Science
  • Genetics
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Anne Fausto-Sterling's 1.7% prevalence estimate for intersex conditions has gained widespread attention.
  • This broad estimate includes conditions not typically classified as intersex by clinicians, such as Klinefelter syndrome, Turner syndrome, and late-onset adrenal hyperplasia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To refine the definition of intersex to ensure clinical and scientific clarity.
  • To recalculate the prevalence of intersex conditions based on a precise definition.

Main Methods:

  • Reviewing existing definitions and clinical classifications of intersex conditions.
  • Applying a strict definition of intersex: chromosomal sex inconsistent with phenotypic sex, or non-binary phenotype.
  • Recalculating prevalence based on this refined definition.

Main Results:

  • The broad estimate of 1.7% includes various conditions not universally recognized as intersex.
  • A precise definition restricts intersex to cases with chromosomal-phenotypic discordance or unclassifiable phenotypes.
  • The recalculated prevalence of intersex is approximately 0.018%.

Conclusions:

  • The commonly cited 1.7% prevalence figure for intersex conditions is an overestimation.
  • A more rigorous definition significantly reduces the estimated prevalence of intersex.
  • Clarifying the definition of intersex is crucial for accurate epidemiological and clinical understanding.