Summary
Impedance data from squid giant axons reveal a lossy membrane capacity of 1 muF/cm2. Additional data, previously excluded, confirm Schwann cell sheath properties, supporting current clamp and electron microscope findings.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Biophysics
Background:
- Early impedance studies on squid giant axons provided initial membrane capacity values.
- Some experimental data were previously excluded due to complexity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To re-evaluate previously excluded impedance data from squid giant axons.
- To ascribe these data to the Schwann cell sheath and provide independent confirmation.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of impedance data from squid giant axon experiments up to 5 MHz.
- Comparison with recent current clamp and electron microscope findings.
Main Results:
- A lossy membrane capacity of 1 muF/cm2 was determined between 1-200 kHz.
- Fragmentary data up to 5 MHz were ascribed to the Schwann cell sheath, yielding 1.6 omega-cm2 and 12.5 membrane layers.
Conclusions:
- The re-evaluated impedance data support and independently confirm recent findings on squid giant axon membrane properties.
- The Schwann cell sheath contributes significantly to the overall impedance characteristics.
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Action Potentials
Overview
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Neurons are the main type of cell in the nervous system that generate and transmit electrochemical signals. They primarily communicate with each other using neurotransmitters at specific junctions called synapses. Neurons come in many shapes that often relate to their function, but most share three main structures: an axon and dendrites that extend out from a cell body.
Structure and Function of Neurons
The neuronal cell body—the soma— houses the nucleus and organelles vital to cellular...
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Action Potential
Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
Membrane potential in neurons
Neurons typically have a resting membrane potential of about -70 millivolts (mV). When they receive...
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Electrical Synapses
Electrical synapses found in all nervous systems play important and unique roles. In these synapses, the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes are very close together (3.5 nm) and are actually physically connected by channel proteins forming gap junctions.
Gap junctions allow the current to pass directly from one cell to the next. In contrast, in the chemical synapse, the neurotransmitters carry the information through the synaptic cleft from one neuron to the next. They consist of two...
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Nervous Tissue: Myelin
The myelin sheath is a multilayered lipid and protein covering that insulates the axon of a neuron, enhancing the speed of nerve impulse conduction. Axons without this sheath are referred to as unmyelinated. Two types of neuroglia, Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) are responsible for producing myelin sheaths.
Schwann cells begin to form myelin sheaths around axons during fetal development. They wrap around a small...
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Action Potential
Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
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