Elastic tourniquet technique for decompression of extremity compartment syndrome

Compartment syndrome of the extremities is usually associated with direct trauma and often requires surgical fasciotomy to avert potential complications and morbidity. We present a case of upper extremity compartment syndrome resulting from pressurized infusion of autologous whole blood, in which fasciotomy was avoided by the application of a simple and effective technique using an elastic Esmarch bandage. Guidelines for surgical fasciotomy and the hazards associated with pressurized infusion of fluids in the anesthetized patient are discussed.