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Drug recognition expert evaluations made using limited data.

John A Smith1, Charles E Hayes, Robert L Yolton

  • 1Pacific University College of Optometry, 2043 College Way, Forest Grove, OR 97116, USA.

Forensic Science International
|December 13, 2002
PubMed
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Drug Recognition Expert (DRE) officers can accurately identify drug categories and intoxication using only observational data and evaluation results. This study shows that direct observation is the most critical factor in determining drug influence, surpassing physical evidence or confessions.

Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Toxicology
  • Law Enforcement

Background:

  • The Drug Evaluation Classification (DEC) Program aids Drug Recognition Expert (DRE) officers in identifying drug influence and categories.
  • The relative importance of various evidence types in DRE decision-making requires investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the importance of face-to-face interactions, physical evidence, and suspect statements in DRE drug influence determinations.
  • To evaluate the accuracy of DRE officers when relying solely on observational data and physiological/psychophysical test results.

Main Methods:

  • Seventy DRE evaluation records from Oregon (1996-1998) were analyzed, ensuring agreement between initial DRE assessment and toxicology.
  • Records were anonymized and submitted to 18 DRE officers, omitting suspect statements, confessions, toxicology, and physical evidence.

Related Experiment Videos

  • DRE officers used written reports of direct observations and test results to determine drug influence and category.

    • Main Results:

    • DRE officers achieved high accuracy in identifying drug categories: 81% for cannabis, 94% for narcotic analgesics, 78% for CNS stimulants, and 69% for CNS depressants.
    • Overall accuracy in recognizing drug intoxication was 95% when relying solely on observational data and test results.
    • These findings suggest that direct observations are highly effective for DRE decision-making.

    Conclusions:

    • Direct observations and DRE evaluation results are sufficient for accurate drug influence and category determination.
    • Face-to-face interactions, physical evidence, and confessions serve as useful adjuncts but are not essential for most DRE decisions.
    • The study underscores the reliability of observational methods in forensic drug evaluation.