BDNF mRNA expression during postnatal development, maturation and aging of the human prefrontal cortex

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Molecular Biology
• Developmental Biology

Background:

• Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is crucial for neuronal survival in the central nervous system (CNS).
• Understanding BDNF mRNA expression patterns is key to comprehending brain development and function.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate changes in BDNF mRNA expression levels in the postnatal human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC).
• To compare BDNF mRNA expression between the DLPFC and occipital cortex across different life stages.

Main Methods:

• Utilized RNAse protection assay and in situ hybridization to quantify BDNF mRNA expression.
• Analyzed BDNF mRNA levels in various cortical layers and across developmental periods (infancy to aging).

Main Results:

• BDNF mRNA levels exhibit layer-specific variation, with Layer VI showing consistently higher expression.
• A significant one-third increase in BDNF mRNA levels occurs from infancy to adulthood, peaking in young adulthood.
• Expression levels remain stable throughout adulthood and aging after the young adult peak.

Conclusions:

• The rise in DLPFC BDNF mRNA during young adulthood correlates with frontal cortex maturation.
• These developmental changes in BDNF may influence the onset of severe mental disorders presenting in young adulthood.
• BDNF's role in neurodevelopment offers potential therapeutic targets for psychiatric conditions.