Progress towards commercialization of plastid transformation technology
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Updated: Aug 8, 2026

Efficient Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Mediated Transformation of the Moss Physcomitrella patens
Published on: April 19, 2011
1Waksman Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 190 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020, USA. maliga@waksman.rutgers.edu
Abstract:
Tobacco chloroplasts are ready to be tested as a platform for the expression of recombinant proteins on a commercial scale. They hold the promise of reproducible yields of 5-25% of total soluble cellular protein in leaves and reliability has been achieved through refinement of an expression toolkit that includes vectors, recently developed expression cassettes and systems for marker gene removal. Implementation of plastid transformation technology in other crops, however, has met with difficulty and has delayed agronomic applications.
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