Cancer patterns in Karachi division (1998-1999)
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
|December 17, 2002
Summary
Cancer incidence in Karachi, Pakistan, revealed lung and oral cancers as most common in males, while breast and oral cancers predominated in females. High gallbladder cancer rates in females warrant further investigation.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Karachi, Pakistan's largest city, lacked comprehensive cancer incidence data prior to this study.
- Understanding cancer patterns is crucial for developing effective public health strategies and interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present minimal cancer incidence data for Karachi, Pakistan, covering the years 1998-1999.
- To identify the most frequent cancer types in males and females within this population.
- To highlight potential areas for further research, such as the high incidence of gallbladder cancer in females.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a mixed (passive and active) registration system drawing data from hospitals in Karachi Division.
- Cancer data sets were checked, coded, computerized, and analyzed using an analytical format.
- Calculations incorporated an estimated 15-20% probable under-ascertainment.
Main Results:
- The age-standardised incidence rate (ASR) for all cancer sites was 132.4/100,000 in males and 133.0/100,000 in females.
- In males, the most frequent cancers were lung (ASR 17.3), oral cavity (ASR 13.2), and larynx (ASR 7.4).
- In females, breast cancer (ASR 40.7) was most common, followed by oral cavity (ASR 11.7) and gallbladder (ASR 5.5).
Conclusions:
- Tobacco-associated cancers accounted for 38.3% of male diagnoses, and breast and oral cavity cancers for 40.1% of female diagnoses.
- A notably high incidence of gallbladder cancer in females was observed, requiring further investigation to determine if it reflects genuine risk or selection bias.
- Continuous cancer registration and analysis are essential for Pakistan to monitor trends and implement effective cancer control programs based on Karachi's patterns.
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