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Network Covalent Solids

Network Covalent Solids

Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...

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Fabrication of Low Temperature Carbon Nanotube Vertical Interconnects Compatible with Semiconductor Technology

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Carbon nanotubes: synthesis, integration, and properties.

¹Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA. hdai1@stanford.edu

Accounts of Chemical Research

|December 18, 2002

Summary

Controlled synthesis of carbon nanotubes using patterned catalysts allows precise growth direction. This scalable method opens new avenues in nanoscience and nanotechnology applications.

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Surface Chemistry

Background:

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are synthesized via chemical vapor deposition (CVD).
Controlling CNT growth direction and location is crucial for device fabrication.
Patterned catalyst arrays offer a potential solution for site-specific CNT growth.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate controlled synthesis of carbon nanotubes using patterned catalyst arrays.
To investigate the influence of van der Waals forces and electric fields on CNT growth direction.
To explore the scalability of this patterned growth approach for large-scale nanowire fabrication.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of CNTs using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) over patterned catalyst arrays.
Utilizing van der Waals self-assembly forces and applied electric fields to direct CNT growth.

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Demonstrating feasibility with discrete catalytic nanoparticles and scalability on large wafers.

Main Results:

Achieved site-specific growth of carbon nanotubes from patterned catalyst sites.
Demonstrated control over nanotube growth directions using self-assembly and electric fields.
Confirmed the scalability of the patterned growth approach for producing massive arrays of nanowires.

Conclusions:

Patterned catalyst arrays enable controlled synthesis of carbon nanotubes with specific growth directions.
This method is scalable for producing large arrays of novel nanowires.
Controlled CNT synthesis offers significant opportunities in nanoscience and nanotechnology for advanced devices and applications.