Contemporary transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas with emphasis on complications

The indication and complications of transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) were reported with an emphasis on our experiences. Although new therapies have been developed one after another, TSS is still main stream in the treatment of most pituitary adenomas. One century after the birth of TSS, it has evolved into a more sophisticated and less invasive procedure. The present microscopic TSS will be replaced by endoscopic TSS in the near future. Complications can occur with any surgery, but we can reduce their possibility and degree by enriching experience. In our series, the morbidity rate was 2.7%, but operative death was absent. A better understanding of the reported complications and a careful preoperative design will contribute to a better outcome of TSS.