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[Chrono-endocrinology--quo vadis?].

Lutz Vollrath1

  • 1Anatomisches Institut der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Becherweg 13, D-55099 Mainz, Deutschland. vollrath@mail.uni-mainz.de

Annals of Anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : Official Organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft
|December 20, 2002
PubMed
Summary

New research reveals that circadian rhythms in mammals are more complex than previously thought, with multiple oscillators beyond the brain. This impacts our understanding of biological timing and hormone regulation.

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Brain research. Molecular brain research·2004

Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology

Context:

  • The suprachiasmatic nucleus was considered the sole circadian oscillator.
  • Recent findings challenge this central model.
  • Mammalian circadian organization is more distributed.

Purpose:

  • To review recent advances in chronobiology and chronoendocrinology.
  • To highlight the extended network of circadian oscillators.
  • To discuss the role of melanopsin and hormone regulation.

Summary:

  • Circadian oscillators exist not only in the suprachiasmatic nucleus but also in peripheral tissues like the retina, liver, and islets of Langerhans.
  • Melanopsin, a novel photopigment in retinal ganglion cells, acts as a key zeitgeber for entraining circadian rhythms.

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  • The molecular mechanisms linking cellular oscillators to endocrine output, particularly melatonin synthesis and seasonal rhythms, are under active investigation.

    • Impact:

    • Expands the understanding of circadian organization beyond a single central pacemaker.
    • Provides insights into the photic entrainment of circadian rhythms via melanopsin.
    • Advances knowledge of the genetic and molecular basis of circadian oscillators and their role in hormone regulation.