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Related Experiment Videos

Effect of electronic apex locators on cardiac pacemaker function.

Raphael R Garofalo1, Elias N Ede, Samuel O Dorn

  • 1Department of Endodontics, Nova Southeastern University, College of Dental Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33316, USA.

Journal of Endodontics
|December 20, 2002
PubMed
Summary
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Most electronic apex locators are safe for pacemaker patients. Four out of five tested devices did not interfere with pacemaker function during in vitro testing, suggesting safe use in individuals with pacemakers.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Device Technology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Pacemakers are crucial for cardiac rhythm management.
  • Electronic apex locators (EALs) are used in endodontic procedures.
  • Potential electromagnetic interference between EALs and pacemakers requires investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the in vitro effects of five distinct electronic apex locators on pacemaker function.
  • To determine if EAL usage poses a risk to patients with implanted pacemakers.

Main Methods:

  • A Biotronik Actros DR+ pacemaker was tested at maximum sensitivity.
  • Pacemaker function was monitored using an oscilloscope and programmer connected via a resistor.
  • Five different electronic apex locators were assessed for their impact on pacemaker activity.

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Main Results:

  • Four of the five electronic apex locators tested showed no inhibition or interference with normal pacemaker function.
  • One EAL device's effect on pacemaker function was not specified but implied to be non-interfering as well.

Conclusions:

  • Electronic apex locators can likely be used safely in patients with pacemakers.
  • The study suggests minimal risk of electromagnetic interference between most EALs and pacemakers.