Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 28, 2026
09:29
Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4
Published on: August 21, 2017
12.0K
Paralysis recovery in humans and model systems
V Reggie Edgerton1, Roland R Roy
1Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles Brain Research Institute, 695 Charles E Young Drive, South Los Angeles 90095-1761, USA. vre@ucla.edu
Current Opinion in Neurobiology
|December 20, 2002
Summary
Spinal cord injury research shows brain reorganization and new therapies are key to recovery. Robotic devices help retrain the spinal cord for improved motor function in humans and animals.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Regenerative Medicine
- Rehabilitation Engineering
Background:
- Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to significant functional and anatomical brain reorganization.
- Newly formed neural connections after SCI may not be immediately functional.
- Axonal growth inhibition presents a major hurdle in SCI recovery.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review advancements in understanding brain plasticity after SCI.
- To highlight progress in overcoming axonal growth inhibition.
- To discuss the role of robotic devices in motor task rehabilitation post-SCI.
Main Methods:
- Review of current scientific literature on SCI recovery.
- Analysis of studies on neural plasticity and axonal regeneration.
- Evaluation of robotic-assisted therapy for motor function restoration.
Main Results:
- Extensive brain reorganization occurs in areas with input to spinal motor pools post-SCI.
- Interventions to counteract axonal growth inhibition are advancing.
- Robotic devices are being developed to assess and improve motor performance, including stepping and standing, in various species.
Conclusions:
- Brain plasticity following SCI offers hope for recovery.
- Overcoming axonal growth inhibition is crucial for functional recovery.
- Robotic technologies show promise for rehabilitating motor function after spinal cord injury.
Related Concept Videos
01:18Second Order systems II
406
In an underdamped second-order system, where the damping ratio ζ is between 0 and 1, a unit-step input results in a transfer function that, when transformed using the inverse Laplace method, reveals the output response. The output exhibits a damped sinusoidal oscillation, and the difference between the input and output is termed the error signal. This error signal also demonstrates damped oscillatory behavior. Eventually, as the system reaches a steady state, the error diminishes to zero.
406
01:24Muscle Recovery and Fatigue
4.1K
Muscle fatigue refers to the decline in a muscle's ability to maintain the force of contraction after prolonged activity. It primarily stems from changes within muscle fibers. Even before experiencing muscle fatigue, one may feel tired and have the urge to stop the activity. This response, known as central fatigue, occurs due to changes in the central nervous system, namely the brain and spinal cord. While there is no single mechanism that induces fatigue, it may serve as a protective...
4.1K
01:21First Order Systems
423
First-order systems, such as RC circuits, are foundational in understanding dynamic systems due to their straightforward input-output relationship. Analyzing their responses to different input functions under zero initial conditions reveals significant insights into system behavior.
When a first-order system is subjected to a unit-step input, its response is characterized by its transfer function. By applying the Laplace transform of the unit-step input to the transfer function, expanding the...
When a first-order system is subjected to a unit-step input, its response is characterized by its transfer function. By applying the Laplace transform of the unit-step input to the transfer function, expanding the...
423
01:20Second Order systems I
588
A servo system exemplifies a second-order system, featuring a proportional controller and load elements that ensure the output position aligns with the input position. The relationship between these components is described by a second-order differential equation. Applying the Laplace transform under zero initial conditions yields the transfer function, showing how inputs are converted to outputs in the system.
By reinterpreting the system, one can derive the closed-loop transfer function, which...
By reinterpreting the system, one can derive the closed-loop transfer function, which...
588
01:26Classification of Systems-I
589
Linearity is a system property characterized by a direct input-output relationship, combining homogeneity and additivity.
Homogeneity dictates that if an input x(t) is multiplied by a constant c, the output y(t) is multiplied by the same constant. Mathematically, this is expressed as:
Homogeneity dictates that if an input x(t) is multiplied by a constant c, the output y(t) is multiplied by the same constant. Mathematically, this is expressed as:
589
01:31Classification of Systems-II
497
Continuous-time systems have continuous input and output signals, with time measured continuously. These systems are generally defined by differential or algebraic equations. For instance, in an RC circuit, the relationship between input and output voltage is expressed through a differential equation derived from Ohm's law and the capacitor relation,
497