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Updated: Aug 14, 2026

Modeling Verbal Behavior Deficits with the Stimulus Control Ratio Equation, SCoRE
Published on: May 14, 2019
Achieving gains beyond response
1Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. esp10@cam.ac.uk
Objective:
To review adverse outcomes following response in treatment of depression.
Method:
Review of published literature with particular emphasis on key papers.
Results:
Moderately high rates of relapse and recurrence are found in naturalistic follow-up studies of depressed patients receiving modern treatment. These are reduced but not abolished in controlled trials by continuation and maintenance treatment with antidepressants. Suicide rates in follow-up studies are much elevated compared with the general population. Social function is impaired and remits more slowly than depressive symptoms. A key outcome is the occurrence of incomplete remission with residual symptoms, which is associated with high relapse rates and impaired social function.
Conclusion:
It is important to achieve complete remission in depression. Elimination of residual symptoms is an important target for full treatment of the depressive episode, in order to avoid later adverse outcomes.
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