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Updated: Aug 15, 2026
Paradigms of Lower Extremity Electrical Stimulation Training After Spinal Cord Injury
Published on: February 1, 2018
Effects of testosterone replacement therapy on skeletal muscle after spinal cord injury
C M Gregory1, K Vandenborne, H F S Huang
1Department of Physical Therapy, Texas Women's University, Houston, Texas, TX 77030, USA.
Study Design:
Randomized control.
Objective:
To examine the effects of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) on skeletal muscle 11 weeks after complete SCI.
Setting:
Athens, Georgia USA.
Methods:
Soleus (SOL), gastrocnemius (GA), tibialis anterior (TA), vastus lateralis (VL) and triceps brachii (TRI) muscles were taken from twelve young male Charles River rats 11 weeks after complete SCI (T-9 transection, n=8) or sham surgery (n=4). Rats received either TRT (two 5 cm capsules, n=4) or empty capsules (n=8) implanted at surgery. Muscle samples were sectioned and fibers analyzed qualitatively for myosin ATPase and quantitatively for succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), alpha-glycerol-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) and actomyosin ATPase (qATPase) activities using standard techniques.
Results:
SCI decreased average fiber size (49+/-4%) in affected muscles and the percentage of slow fibers in SOL (93+/-3% to 17+/-2%). In addition, there was a decrease in SDH and an increase in GPDH and qATPase activities across the four hind-limb muscles of the SCI animals. Fiber size in the TRI was increased (31+/-2%) by SCI while enzyme activities were not altered. Average fiber size across the four hind limb muscles was decreased by only 30% in TRT SCI animals and their SOL contained 39+/-2% slow fibers. TRT also attenuated changes in enzyme activities. There was no effect of TRT on the TRI relative to SCI.
Conclusions:
TRT was effective in attenuating alterations in myofibrillar proteins during 11 weeks of SCI in affected skelatal muscles.
Sponsorship:
Supported by a grant from The National Institutes of Health (HD-33738) and HD-37645 to KV, and HD-39676 to GAD.
