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Change in throwing pattern: critical values for control parameter of velocity.
1Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth 76129, USA. d.southard@tcu.edu
Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport
|December 24, 2002
Summary
This study found that throwing patterns change at different velocities based on skill level. Lower skilled young throwers alter their technique at lower speeds compared to more advanced peers.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanics
- Motor Control
- Developmental Science
Background:
- Understanding how throwing mechanics evolve with skill is crucial for optimizing training and injury prevention in young athletes.
- Previous research has explored various aspects of throwing, but the specific velocity thresholds at which kinematic patterns change remain less understood, particularly across different developmental stages.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify the critical velocity thresholds that trigger changes in overhand throwing patterns in children.
- To investigate how these critical values differ across various skill levels and specific joints.
Main Methods:
- Thirty-six participants (ages 6-12) were grouped into four skill levels based on temporal joint lag during throwing.
- Participants performed 50 overhand throws each, at 10 incremental velocity levels (10% to 100% of maximum effort).
- Quantitative and qualitative analyses were used to assess changes in throwing patterns and joint kinematics.
Main Results:
- Critical velocity values for pattern changes were found to be variable, depending on the throwing skill category and the specific joint analyzed.
- Lower skilled throwers (Levels 1 and 2) exhibited less stable temporal joint lag and initiated pattern changes at lower relative velocities.
- Higher skilled throwers (Levels 3 and 4) demonstrated more consistent patterns and required higher velocities to elicit changes in their throwing mechanics.
Conclusions:
- Throwing pattern transitions are velocity-dependent and influenced by an individual's skill level and developmental stage.
- The findings suggest that training programs should consider velocity-specific drills tailored to different skill levels to promote efficient motor pattern development.
- Identifying these critical velocity points can aid in the early detection of inefficient movement patterns and inform targeted interventions for young athletes.