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Related Experiment Videos

Inflammatory response in the elderly.

Robert F Grimble1

  • 1Institute of Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 7PX, UK. rfgl@soton.ac.uk

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care
|December 24, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Chronic inflammation increases during aging, impacting immune function and lean mass. Anti-inflammatory nutrients and specific gene variants may influence lifespan by modulating this inflammation.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Aging is associated with a chronic inflammatory state, often termed "inflammaging."
  • This inflammation contributes to age-related decline in immune function and loss of lean body mass.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the causes of chronic inflammation during aging.
  • To examine the role of genetic factors (genotype) in the intensity of age-related inflammation.
  • To explore potential interventions, such as nutrient therapy, to mitigate inflammation and its effects.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on aging, inflammation, genetics, and nutrition.
  • Analysis of predisposing factors for chronic inflammation in aging.
  • Examination of the influence of cytokine gene polymorphisms on inflammation and aging outcomes.

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Main Results:

  • Predisposing factors include oxidative stress, decreased ovarian function, reduced glucocorticoid sensitivity, and asymptomatic bacteriuria.
  • Obesity is a significant inducer of chronic inflammation.
  • Polymorphisms in pro-inflammatory cytokine genes are associated with accelerated tissue loss, while anti-inflammatory cytokine gene polymorphisms may slow it.
  • Healthy aged males show under-representation of high pro-inflammatory cytokine genotypes and over-representation of anti-inflammatory cytokine genotypes, suggesting a survival advantage.
  • Anti-inflammatory nutrients (e.g., vitamin E, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) may reduce chronic inflammation.
  • Gene-nutrient interactions can affect the efficacy of dietary interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Aging is characterized by elevated chronic inflammation, which significantly contributes to immune decline and loss of lean body mass.
  • Anti-inflammatory nutrient therapy holds potential for slowing age-related decline.
  • Cytokine gene genotype is linked to lifespan, with specific genotypes conferring a survival advantage by modulating inflammation levels.