Facial subdermal vascular network flap: anatomic study and clinical application

Area of Science:

• Plastic Surgery
• Anatomy
• Microsurgery

Background:

• Facial reconstruction demands ideal flaps with good color match and minimal donor-site morbidity.
• The lateral genicervical flap, a type of facial subdermal vascular network flap (SVNF), has shown promise in recent clinical applications.

Observation:

• Anatomical study of 14 cadaver dissections detailed the facial subdermal vascular network (SVNF).
• Facial skin receives blood supply from facial, superficial temporal, and infraorbital arteries.
• The lateral genicervical region is supplied by facial, superficial temporal, occipital, and superior thyroid arteries, forming a subdermal arterial network.

Findings:

• The SVNF features a honeycomb-like anastomotic structure in the corium.
• The flap's pedicle blood supply originates from perforator branches forming the subdermal vascular network.
• Anastomoses between facial and superficial temporal arteries in the lateral genicervical region provide a robust vascular basis for the flap.

Implications:

• The lateral genicervical flap is a viable alternative for facial defect reconstruction, particularly for superficial temporal defects.
• Understanding the vascular network's directivity is crucial for successful clinical application of this flap.
• This flap offers potential for improved outcomes in reconstructive surgery with reduced donor-site morbidity.