Serum-free and protein-bound sugars and cardiovascular complications in diabetes mellitus

Free and protein-bound serum sugars and serum lipids were analyzed in 65 adult diabetic patients, 10 age-matched controls, and 24 male medical students for correlation of carbohydrate changes with the extent of retinal, renal, and cardiovascular disease. In diabetic sera, both protein-bound sugars and free mannose, fucose, and hexosamine were significantly elevated; free galactose and inositol were elevated in some diabetic patients, and essentially undetectable in sera from controls. Serum triglycerides and pre-beta-lipoproteins were also elevated in diabetics, but alpha-lipoproteins decreased. Although no specific relationships were observed with the extent of retinal and renal disease, bivariate analyses by Pearson coefficients of correlation showed correlations between levels of serum-free mannose and systolic blood pressure, free hexosamine and duration of diabetes, and serum protein-bound fucose and age. Serum triglycerides and pre-beta-lipoprotein levels correlated with insulin therapy. These are preliminary leads of laboratory studies related to carbohydrate macromolecular changes which might aid in a better understanding of the cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes.