Lymphocyte transformation test in uveal pathology.

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Ophthalmology
• Microbiology

Background:

• Skin tests and in vitro lymphocyte transformation tests (LTT) are immunological diagnostic tools.
• Hypersensitivity reactions can manifest with ocular symptoms, necessitating accurate diagnostic methods.
• Certain ocular conditions contraindicate traditional skin testing due to potential risks.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare the efficacy of skin tests and LTT in diagnosing hypersensitivity.
• To evaluate the utility of LTT in cases where skin testing is contraindicated.
• To assess the effectiveness of desensitization treatment based on these diagnostic methods.

Main Methods:

• Comparative analysis of skin tests and in vitro LTT using various antigens (tuberculin, PPD, Streptococcus, candidin, herpes, Brucella, autologous saliva).
• Categorization of patient responses into three distinct types based on combined test results.
• Application of desensitization therapy to a cohort of patients.

Main Results:

• Three response patterns identified: (1) positive skin test with ocular symptoms and positive LTT (certain hypersensitivity), (2) positive skin test without symptoms but positive LTT (presumptive hypersensitivity, LTT enhances skin test value), and (3) negative LTT regardless of skin test result (LTT less sensitive).
• The comparison proved valuable, particularly for patients with conditions like macular choroiditis or Eales' disease where skin testing is contraindicated.
• Specific desensitization treatment demonstrated effectiveness in several cases.

Conclusions:

• The combined use of skin tests and LTT provides a more comprehensive diagnosis of hypersensitivity.
• LTT serves as a crucial alternative or complementary tool when skin testing poses risks.
• Desensitization therapy appears to be a viable and effective treatment for diagnosed hypersensitivity.