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Tributyltin causes masculinization in fish.

Yohei Shimasaki1, Takeshi Kitano, Yuji Oshima

  • 1Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan.

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
|December 31, 2002
PubMed
Summary
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Tributyltin (TBT) exposure caused significant sex reversal in female Japanese flounder, leading to masculinization. This study is the first to report TBT inducing sex reversal in vertebrates.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Toxicology
  • Endocrinology
  • Marine Biology

Background:

  • Tributyltin (TBT) is a persistent organotin pollutant with known endocrine-disrupting effects.
  • Sex differentiation is a critical developmental process susceptible to environmental contaminants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of TBT on sex differentiation in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus).
  • To determine if TBT exposure can induce sex reversal in genetically female fish.

Main Methods:

  • Japanese flounder were fed diets containing tributyltin oxide (TBTO) at 0.1 and 1.0 microg/g.
  • Exposure occurred from 35 to 100 days post-hatching, encompassing the sex differentiation period.
  • Sex ratios and gonadal morphology were assessed in treated and control groups.

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Main Results:

  • A significant increase in sex-reversed males was observed in TBT-exposed groups (25.7% and 31.1%) compared to controls (2.2%).
  • Morphological and histological analyses confirmed the presence of testes in sex-reversed males and ovaries in normal females.
  • TBTO exposure clearly demonstrated masculinization of the fish.

Conclusions:

  • Tributyltin (TBT) exposure induces sex reversal and masculinization in Japanese flounder.
  • This is the first documented evidence of TBT causing sex reversal in a vertebrate species.
  • These findings highlight the potential ecological risks of TBT contamination on fish populations.