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Related Experiment Videos

Controlled release experiments with nonylphenol in aquatic microcosms.

Gerd Pfister1, Ingrid Jüttner, Gabriele F Severin

  • 1GSF-National Research Centre for Environment and Health, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany. pfister@gsf.de

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
|December 31, 2002
PubMed
Summary

A new method uses controlled-release devices (CRDs) to maintain stable concentrations of nonylphenol (NP) in aquatic environments for ecotoxicological studies. This technique improves upon older methods by providing consistent, realistic NP exposure for organisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Ecotoxicology
  • Aquatic Toxicology

Background:

  • Direct addition of nonylphenol (tNP) to water results in rapid concentration decreases (80-90% w/v within 48h).
  • Previous dosing methods for ecotoxicological studies often lead to variable and unrealistic exposure concentrations for aquatic organisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a controlled-release method for technical nonylphenol (tNP) to simulate realistic exposure conditions in aquatic ecotoxicological studies.
  • To establish a continuous and stable exposure system for nonylphenol in various aquatic matrices.

Main Methods:

  • Technical nonylphenol (tNP) was encapsulated in semipermeable low-density polyethylene (LDPE) lay-flat tubing to create controlled-release devices (CRDs).
  • CRDs of varying lengths were used to achieve continuous tNP release into laboratory aquaria (15 L) and larger aquatic microcosms (230 L) with natural plankton, sediment, and macrophytes.

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  • tNP concentrations were monitored in water and sediment over extended periods (11-45 days) to assess release rates and stability.

    • Main Results:

    • CRDs provided a continuous tNP release rate of approximately 30 µg/cm²/day into pure water.
    • Stable tNP concentrations, ranging from 38.1 to 326.7 µg/L, were maintained in 15 L aquaria for 11 days.
    • In 230 L microcosms, tNP concentrations (maxima 11-120.1 µg/L) were sustained for 45 days, though CRDs required replacement due to slower-than-predicted release.
    • Sediment tNP concentrations were significantly higher (average 19x) than water concentrations, with less variation between different application levels.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed CRD method enables continuous exposure of aquatic organisms to constant, ecologically relevant nonylphenol concentrations.
    • This controlled-release system represents a significant improvement over traditional dosing methods, offering more accurate and stable exposure scenarios for ecotoxicological research.
    • The method is suitable for simulating realistic environmental exposure to nonylphenol in both laboratory and microcosm settings.