[Hypocholesterolemia in hospitalized elderly: relations with inflammatory and nutritional status]

Hypocholesterolemia is a common finding in hospitalized elderly people and is associated with increased mortality. Changes in plasma lipid levels are well known in the acute phase response. It has also been suggested that malnutrition is a cause of hypocholesterolemia. However, malnutrition is the reflect of general condition, and the respective roles of malnutrition and inflammation have not yet been clearly established. This research project was undertaken to examine the impact of nutritional and inflammatory status on the hypocholesterolemia.

In a prospective study, 597 elderly patients (83 +/- 7 years) consecutively admitted in a geriatric acute care unit were included. Clinical and anthropometric data: Body Mass Index (BMI), Tricipital Skinfold Thickness (TSF), Sub-Scapular Skinfold Thickness (SSF), Mid Arm Circumference (MAC) have been collected. The blood samples were obtained within the 72 hours following the admission. Nutritional proteins (albumin, prealbumin, transferrin, retinol binding protein); inflammatory proteins (CRP, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein), and blood lipids (cholesterol, LDL, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, apoproteins A1 and B) were dosed.

The anthropometric and biologic parameters have been compared on the two sexes, significant differences were observed only for blood lipids. The analyses are thus realized and presented by sex separately. Four groups of patients are generated according to the quartile of total cholesterol. Means and standard deviation for all factors are calculated within each group. Both, the trend of means and analyses of correlation show associations with cholesterol in the two sexes. The analysis of variance showed that the cholesterolemia is associated with 1/ decrease in the values of the anthropometrics, and nutritional proteins and 2/ upward trends of the inflammatory parameters. Significant correlations were observed for all transport proteins and CRP with total cholesterol in men and women. The multiple linear regression of the total cholesterol retained albumin, APO A1, APO B and RBP as predictor factors of cholesterolemia for women and APO A1, APO B and tryglicerid for men. When patients with infectious diseases were compared to the others, significant differences have been observed for total cholesterol and all blood lipids, as well as for nutritional and inflammatory proteins.

The results confirm an association between nutritional status and hypocholesterolemia, and suggest also the responsability of inflammation as a cause of hypocholesterolemia.