The relationship between risk analysis and the precautionary principle

Definitions of the precautionary principle (PP) are reviewed with particular reference to the role of risk assessment. In general, the PP is employed as a means of justifying decisions that are contrary to the conclusions of a formal risk assessment. Even where risk assessment is accepted as part of a precautionary approach, its importance in subsequent decision-making tends to be undermined by application of the PP. The implications for the future of risk assessment-based decisions in areas as diverse as environmental protection and food safety are briefly considered.