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Related Experiment Videos

Staphylococcus aureus express unique superantigens depending on the tissue source.

Michael C Banks1, Nabil S Kamel, John B Zabriskie

  • 1Immunology Program, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA.

The Journal of Infectious Diseases
|January 1, 2003
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Staphylococcus aureus superantigen (SAG) genes, particularly SEG/SEI, are prevalent in genital isolates and associated with toxic shock syndrome (TSS) isolates. These findings suggest SEG/SEI may play a role in S. aureus adaptation to the genital tract.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Staphylococcus aureus produces superantigens (SAGs) that are potent immune activators.
  • Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a severe illness associated with S. aureus toxins.
  • The genetic diversity and expression of SAGs in different clinical settings are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively analyze Staphylococcus aureus superantigen (SAG) genes in hospital and toxic shock syndrome (TSS) patient isolates.
  • To investigate the unique expression of SAGs, including staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) G and SEI, in genital isolates.
  • To correlate the presence of SAG genes with functional SAG activity and assess antibody levels in relation to exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect a wide range of SAG genes, including newly discovered ones.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Genital and TSS isolates were compared for SAG gene profiles and frequency.
  • Functional assays were performed to confirm SAG activity, and serum antibody levels were measured.

    • Main Results:

    • Staphylococcal enterotoxin G (SEG) and SEI were uniquely expressed in genital isolates.
    • Genital and TSS isolates showed similarities, with both frequently expressing SEG/SEI and possessing multiple SAG genes.
    • Detection of SAG genes by PCR correlated with positive functional SAG activity assays; higher antibody levels to SEG/SEI were found in women.

    Conclusions:

    • The data suggest a significant role for SEG/SEI or associated genes in the adaptation of S. aureus to the genital mucosa.
    • The prevalence of SEG/SEI in genital isolates and higher antibody levels in women indicate specific exposure patterns.
    • SAG gene detection via PCR is a reliable indicator of functional superantigen activity.