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Treponeme outer envelope: chemical analysis.

M S Wachter, R C Johnson

    Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.)
    |January 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study details the outer envelope (OE) composition of Treponema phagedenis biovar Kazan 5. The OE is primarily protein and polar lipid, lacking peptidoglycan components found in the whole cell.

    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Biochemistry
    • Cellular Biology

    Background:

    • Treponema phagedenis is a spirochete bacterium.
    • The outer envelope (OE) plays a crucial role in bacterial structure and interaction.
    • Understanding the OE's chemical makeup is vital for characterizing the bacterium.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the detailed chemical composition of the outer envelope (OE) of Treponema phagedenis biovar Kazan 5.
    • To identify the major molecular components of the OE and their relative abundance.

    Main Methods:

    • Cultivation of T. phagedenis in a lipid-defined medium.
    • Isolation of the OE using sodium dodecyl sulfate.
    • Reaggregation of OE components via MgCl2 dialysis.
    • Comprehensive chemical analysis including lipid and protein quantification.

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    Main Results:

    • The OE constituted 14.6% of the whole cell dry weight.
    • OE composition: 60-73% protein, 1-2% carbohydrate, 4-5% lipid (primarily polar lipid).
    • Major polar lipids identified: monogalactosyldiglyceride (43%) and phospholipid (57%), with phosphatidylcholine as the predominant phospholipid.

    Conclusions:

    • The outer envelope of T. phagedenis biovar Kazan 5 is predominantly protein and polar lipid.
    • Peptidoglycan components are absent in the OE, distinguishing it from the whole cell.
    • The lipid profile suggests specific membrane characteristics relevant to T. phagedenis biology.