[Nephrologic diagnosis besides ultrasonography: which other imaging methods? Guideline on the use of radiologic...

The present paper represents an overview of the imaging methods which could integrate the first ultrasonographic approach to nephrologic diagnosis. It summarizes the clinical indications and the appropriate imaging protocols including conventional radiology, CT, MR and Nuclear Medicine in five different clinical scenarios: reno-vascular hypertension, hematuria, acute pyelonephritis, acute and chronic renal failure, and acute urinary colic.