Tuberculosis of the colon simulating carcinoma

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Infectious Diseases
• Oncology

Background:

• Colonic tuberculosis (CTB) is an uncommon manifestation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
• CTB often presents with non-specific symptoms, making diagnosis difficult.
• Distinguishing CTB from colorectal carcinoma is crucial for appropriate management.

Observation:

• A case of a solitary lesion in the distal colon mimicking adenocarcinoma is presented.
• The lesion's clinical presentation and imaging findings were suggestive of malignancy.
• Histopathological examination was required for definitive diagnosis.

Findings:

• The resected colonic lesion was confirmed to be tuberculous in origin, not neoplastic.
• Microscopic examination revealed granulomatous inflammation characteristic of tuberculosis.
• The case underscores the potential for tuberculosis to present as a focal colonic mass.

Implications:

• This case highlights the diagnostic challenges posed by solitary tuberculous colonic lesions.
• A high index of suspicion for tuberculosis is warranted in patients with colonic masses, especially in endemic areas.
• Incorporating tuberculosis into the differential diagnosis can prevent misdiagnosis and delayed treatment of colonic malignancy mimics.