Postpartum depression: prevalence and determinants in Lebanon

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Psychiatry
• Public Health

Background:

• Postpartum depression (PPD) is a significant maternal mental health concern.
• Understanding the prevalence and contributing factors of PPD is essential for effective intervention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the prevalence and determinants of postpartum depression (PPD) in women delivering in Beirut and the Beka'a Valley.
• To identify specific risk factors associated with PPD in different geographical and socioeconomic contexts.

Main Methods:

• A cohort of 396 women were interviewed 24 hours and 3-5 months postpartum.
• The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used for screening PPD during the second visit.
• Data analysis explored associations between various demographic, social, and clinical factors and PPD.

Main Results:

• The overall prevalence of PPD was 21%, with a significantly lower rate in Beirut (16%) compared to the Beka'a Valley (26%).
• Key determinants included lack of social support and prenatal depression (both areas), stressful life events, lifetime depression, vaginal delivery, limited education, unemployment, and chronic health problems (specific areas).
• Prenatal depression and multiple chronic health issues significantly increased PPD risk, while Cesarean section showed a protective effect.

Conclusions:

• Geographical location and socioeconomic factors significantly influence PPD prevalence.
• Targeted pre- and postnatal assessments are vital for identifying and supporting women at risk of PPD.
• Interventions should address social support, prenatal mental health, and chronic health conditions to mitigate PPD.