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Related Experiment Videos

Construct validity of the Life Orientation Test.

Diana Roscow Terrill1, Dara G Friedman, Louis A Gottschalk

  • 1Counseling Center, Towson University, USA.

Journal of Personality Assessment
|January 4, 2003
PubMed
Summary
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The Life Orientation Test (LOT) for optimism is less valid than speech analysis, as it is more susceptible to faking. This study highlights the need for diverse assessment methods in psychological research.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • The Life Orientation Test (LOT) is a widely used questionnaire for measuring optimism.
  • Previous research on LOT's validity primarily used self-report measures, limiting understanding of its convergent and discriminant properties.
  • Optimism assessment often lacks validation through non-questionnaire methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the convergent and discriminant validity of the LOT using a multimethod approach.
  • To compare the LOT with a speech-based measure of hope (Gottschalk Hope Scale).
  • To examine the fakability of the LOT compared to the Hope Scale.

Main Methods:

  • Study 1 employed a multitrait, multimethod design, including content analysis of speech samples (Gottschalk & Gleser, 1969) alongside the LOT.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Study 2 involved an experimental design to assess the impact of "fake good" instructions on LOT and Hope Scale scores.

    • Main Results:

    • The LOT showed no significant correlation with the speech-derived Gottschalk Hope Scale in Study 1.
    • In Study 2, participants instructed to "fake good" scored significantly higher on the LOT, indicating greater fakability.
    • Faking instructions did not significantly impact scores on the Hope Scale.

    Conclusions:

    • The LOT's validity may be compromised by its susceptibility to response bias (fakability).
    • Speech-based assessments of optimism may offer a more robust measure compared to self-report questionnaires.
    • Multimethod approaches are crucial for a comprehensive evaluation of psychological constructs like optimism.