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Hepatic T cells and liver tolerance.

Ian Nicholas Crispe1

  • 1The David H Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA. Nick_Crispe@urmc.rochester.edu

Nature Reviews. Immunology
|January 4, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Liver T-cell biology is unique, featuring specialized cells like natural killer (NK) and NKT cells. Local immune mechanisms promote tolerance, crucial for liver allograft survival and pathogen persistence.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Hepatology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Liver T-cell biology differs significantly from other organs.
  • The liver harbors a unique lymphocyte population, including natural killer (NK) and natural killer T (NKT) cells.
  • These cells play a role in regulating circulating T-cell recruitment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the unique immunological mechanisms governing T-cell responses within the liver.
  • To understand how local hepatic factors influence T-cell priming, tolerance, and apoptosis.
  • To explore the implications of intrahepatic T-cell bias for allograft survival and pathogen persistence.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of lymphocyte populations in the liver, focusing on NK and NKT cells.
  • Investigation of macrophage and dendritic cell trafficking within the hepatic microenvironment.
  • Assessment of antigen presentation effects on T-cell inactivation, tolerance, and apoptosis in the liver.

Main Results:

  • The liver's lymphocyte composition is enriched in NK and NKT cells, influencing T-cell recruitment.
  • Macrophages and dendritic cells facilitate antigen trapping and T-cell priming.
  • Local antigen presentation induces T-cell inactivation and tolerance, potentially to manage dietary antigens.

Conclusions:

  • The liver's immune microenvironment actively promotes T-cell tolerance.
  • This tolerance is essential for the acceptance of liver allografts.
  • Intrahepatic T-cell tolerance may also contribute to the persistence of certain liver pathogens.

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