Cholesterol removal from media by lactococci

Elevated serum cholesterol in humans is generally a risk factor correlated with the development of coronary heart disease. It has been reported that a culture of Lactobacillus acidophilus actively taking up cholesterol from a laboratory medium would function in vivo to exert a hypocholesterolemic effect. In the present study, seven strains of the genus Lactococcus were examined for their ability to remove cholesterol from laboratory media during growth. All strains of lactococci tested could remove cholesterol from media without degrading cholesterol. The amount of cholesterol removed was strain specific. Among them, Lc. Lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis N7 could remove as much cholesterol as L. acidophilus ATCC 43121, which had a beneficial influence on serum cholesterol levels in pigs. The manner of cholesterol removal by strain N7 corresponded to the manner of its growth. The growth of strain N7 (growth yield and growth efficiency) was enhanced. The fatty acid composition of the cells of strain N7 was altered by removing cholesterol from the media. The ability to remove cholesterol was also observed in the heat-killed cells of strain N7. However, the amount of cholesterol removed by the cells during growth was significantly higher than that removed by the heat-killed cells. Thus, strain N7 has the ability to remove cholesterol from media independently of whether cells are viable. These results indicate that administration of strain N7 in vivo may well be promising on the hypocholesterolemic effect.