Apoptosis: its importance in spermatogenic dysfunction

Edward D Kim1, Albaha Z Barqawi, Ju Tae Seo

  • 1Department of Surgery and Urology, University of Tennessee Medical Center, 1928 Alcoa Highway, Suite 127, Knoxville, Tennessee 37920, USA. ekim@mc.utmck.edu

Insights

Programmed cell death, or apoptosis, is crucial in male fertility and sperm development. Understanding this process could reveal new treatments for testicular failure.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is increasingly recognized for its role in reproductive health.
  • Selective sperm cell death is a natural part of sperm production (spermatogenesis).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the significance of apoptosis in spermatogenesis.
  • To investigate the potential of targeting apoptosis for treating male infertility and testicular failure.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on apoptosis and spermatogenesis.
  • Analysis of the role of programmed cell death in sperm development.

Main Results:

  • Apoptosis plays a selective role in normal sperm production.
  • Dysregulation of apoptosis may contribute to infertility.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the mechanisms of sperm apoptosis is vital for reproductive medicine.
  • Targeting apoptosis pathways may offer novel therapeutic strategies for testicular dysfunction and infertility.

Related Concept Videos

Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size reduction of the tissue.
Spermatogenesis01:22

Spermatogenesis

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Spermatogenesis01:41

Spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male reproductive...
Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy01:22

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...
Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
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The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...