Tumors of the perionychium

Tumors of the perionychium are often subtle and difficult to diagnose. Because they are somewhat uncommon, the early symptoms of these tumors, which may include vague pain, local swelling, nail discoloration, nail deformity, or drainage, may be mistaken for signs of infection and/or trauma and therefore treated with topical or oral antibiotics for some time. Functionally important in enhancing fingertip sensation, protection, and manipulating fine objects, the perionychium is continuously subject to day-to-day trauma and injury that can alter the natural contours and growth patterns of the nail plate. Bacterial, viral, or fungal infections can incite swelling, pain, and distortion of the perionychium as well. Both infection and trauma, then, can mask underlying tumors or growths that would delay their diagnosis. A delay in treatment can be devastating if the growth of the perionychium happens to be malignant. Therefore, a general understanding of the signs and symptoms of the perionychium tumors is needed by all physicians and surgeons treating nail problems.