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Male-specific DNA sequences in pigs.

Yan-Ming Horng¹, Mu-Chiou Huang

¹Department of Animal Science, National Chia Yi University, 300 University Road, Chiayi, Taiwan.

|January 9, 2003

Summary

Researchers developed a new DNA test for pig sex determination. This method uses polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify a male-specific DNA fragment, enabling accurate sexing of Yorkshire, Duroc, and Landrace breeds.

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Area of Science:

Animal Genetics and Breeding
Molecular Biology
Biotechnology

Background:

Accurate and efficient sex determination in livestock is crucial for breeding programs and herd management.
Existing methods for pig sexing can be labor-intensive or lack precision.
The identification of sex-specific DNA markers offers a promising avenue for developing molecular sexing techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify male-specific DNA fragments in pigs using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting.
To develop a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay for rapid and accurate pig sex determination.
To validate the efficacy of the developed assay across different pig breeds.

Main Methods:

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting was performed using 100 primers on Yorkshire pigs.
A male-specific DNA fragment (1098 bp) identified by primer OPAV-18 was isolated, sequenced, and used to design specific PCR primers.
PCR, DNA hybridization, and Southern blotting were employed to test the sex-specific primers and a DNA probe on genomic DNA from Yorkshire, Duroc, and Landrace pigs.

Main Results:

Seventy-four percent of the tested primers yielded polymorphic fragments in Yorkshire pigs.
A novel 1098-bp male-specific DNA fragment was identified and cloned.
The developed PCR assay using two primers successfully amplified a sex-specific band in males but not in females across all tested breeds, confirmed by hybridization analysis.

Conclusions:

A reliable and efficient PCR-based method for pig sex determination has been established using a novel male-specific DNA marker.
This molecular assay is effective for distinguishing males from females in Yorkshire, Duroc, and Landrace breeds.
The findings provide a valuable tool for improving pig breeding and management strategies.

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